Diet is the most important component of gastritis therapy.Depending on some features of the disease, for example, acidity in the stomach, as well as the presence of erosive, atrophic and other forms, the diet may vary depending on what can and cannot be included in the menu.
If a person has an unbalanced diet, periodically drinks alcohol, smokes and is exposed to frequent severe stress, then he will definitely develop a pathology such as gastritis.This is a disease that causes inflammation of the stomach lining, which leads to a violation of its integrity.As a result, various unpleasant symptoms appear, the main of which is acute pain in the upper abdomen.In addition, bloating, vomiting, nausea and vomiting appear, appetite decreases or disappears altogether, which often leads to weight loss.Gastric gastritis comes in many forms, including those that can be caused by an infectious environment, but in any case, successful treatment requires a healthy diet.You not only need to change your diet, decide what you can and cannot eat, but also change the principles of nutrition yourself, make it a stable menu throughout the week, divide the entire amount of food into 5-6 meals.During an exacerbation, the diet should be tightened;In addition, there are certain nuances if gastritis is characterized by high or low acidity.
What is possible and what is not allowed during gastritis?
The main differences in the diet are determined by the level of acidity.Which indicator is determined for a specific patient during diagnosis before starting therapy.
Increased acidity
With increased acidity, which happens most often, you should follow three basic principles:
- Mechanical.It defines the prohibition of fried foods;In addition, coarse fibers such as bran bread, rutabaga, turnips and strips of meat are not allowed.
- chemical.It states that you should avoid foods that stimulate the secretion of hydrochloric acid needed for digestion, such as soda, alcohol and citrus fruits.In addition, concentrated rich broth based on meat and fish is prohibited.
- Thermal.It consists of eating food that has an optimal temperature, which is usually between 16-55 degrees Celsius.If the food is hotter or colder, then with gastritis it causes irritation of the esophagus, which leads to an increase in the duration of food absorption and, therefore, to an increase in stress on the stomach.
If the environment in the stomach is acidic, then low-fat types of fish and meat, fermented milk products, eggs, which can be eaten as an omelet or soft-boiled, are suitable for nutrition.In addition, the diet may include peeled tomatoes, boiled zucchini, potatoes, etc.
Low acidity
A gastritis diet with reduced acidity includes foods that promote the release of more enzymes that support digestion.For this, it is also important to normalize the procedure of food intake.This should be done slowly;It is important to spend at least half a minute on chewing one piece, and the eating process should last at least half an hour.significantly improves the secretion of hydrochloric acid by drinking slightly carbonated mineral water;You should drink 200 ml of this water before each meal.Various fruits and vegetables are allowed, which should be eaten immediately after the meal, since snacking is not allowed on the diet.Fruits and vegetables should be selected based on the principle of the absence of light, hard fibers.To make the digestion process even easier, it is better to peel the fruit beforehand and eat only the pulp.
Low acidity has some benefits over high acidity.Small amounts of chocolate products, light soups and broths, and river fish, mushrooms, and lean meats, including rabbit and veal, are acceptable.Milk products are allowed, but it is best to avoid milk itself.
What is not allowed?
If you have gastritis with any acidity, you should not take:
- baking
- chocolate products;
- fried, spicy food;
- alcoholic beverages;
- foods rich in vegetable or animal fats;
- vinegar.
How to eat during an exacerbation - menu for the week
In case of exacerbation, a compromise must be found and the body will receive all the necessary nutrients and microelements, but the diet is neutral and does not irritate the mucous membrane, which is so inflamed.In this situation, digestion should be helped as much as possible so that it happens very quickly.To do this, you should try to cut up all the food as much as possible and only use boiling or steaming when cooking.
It is important that the prepared menu is not only balanced and gentle, but also strictly adhere to it, eat food at a strictly defined time every day.The interval between doses cannot be more than three hours, otherwise the stomach will empty and the exacerbation will only intensify.It cannot be conveyed because it is full of stomach stagnation.In the evenings, you should eat no later than three to four hours before going to bed.
Oddly enough, during the exacerbation period, it is recommended to spend the first day on an empty stomach.However, it is still necessary to fill the stomach.To do this, you need to drink a lot of still water and weakly brewed tea.Any liquid you drink should be warm.From the second day, liquid porridges and mashed potatoes with water are allowed.In addition, boiled eggs and non-concentrated soup with grated vegetables will be useful.When gastritis worsens, foods rich in fat should be completely excluded from the diet, because they break down very slowly.
Menu for the week
Monday and Wednesday:
- breakfast with oatmeal and compote;
- The second time you can have steamed cheesecakes for breakfast;
- Dinner consists of mashed potatoes, vegetable soup with a piece of bread, boiled fish, compote;
- Afternoon snack – biscuits, light tea;
- Dinner - pasta side dish with steamed lean meat cutlets, light tea.
Tuesday, Thursday, Saturday:
- Breakfast consists of baked apples, cheesecake and compote;
- The second time you should have a glass of jelly for breakfast;
- You should eat vegetable broth, steamed fish, mineral water from gases;
- An afternoon breakfast of unsweetened light tea with white bread crackers is allowed;
- Cottage cheese and compote for dinner.
Friday, Sun:
- We should have breakfast with boiled eggs for 5-6 minutes, washed down with compote;
- During the second breakfast, enjoy cheesecakes with tea;
- lunch: vegetable stew, mashed potato soup, jelly;
- Afternoon breakfast - a glass of kefir with crackers;
- Dinner should be boiled fish on water with porridge.
Diet No. 1 for gastritis
Diet No. 1 is quite strict.However, its use is a necessary measure, since restoring normal digestion and not irritating the gastric mucosa is very important in case of gastritis or ulcer.This diet is prescribed after the end of the exacerbation phase of the disease.Among the cooking methods, only boiling, steaming and baking can be used.It is very important to reduce the amount of salt consumed, because its presence has a negative effect on the condition of the inner surface of the stomach;In addition, salt slows down the expulsion of water from the body.
Diet No. 1 involves dividing the entire daily diet into five to six small parts.The total number of calories consumed cannot be more than 2000.
Among the main dishes that should be included in diet No. 1 are:
- Vegetable soup.The vegetable base can be replaced with vermicelli or rice;
- lean meat and fish without veins and other hard-to-digest elements;
- Bread products should be eaten yesterday, dried and also in the form of crackers.
In moderation, you can eat fermented milk products, for example, cottage cheese, yogurt, skim milk.
Diet No. 1 cannot be consumed:
- rye bread;
- Soups based on mushrooms and meat - you will have to give up okroshka, borscht, cabbage soup;
- smoked products;
- pickle
- Fish and other canned food.
Diet for erosive form
Gastritis is called erosive, when the action of the disease causes erosion of the stomach, which is called an ulcer.An ulcer is a more serious disease that can cause very serious consequences, including, for example, peritonitis, when the erosion of the wall gradually leads to a hole, as a result of which the contents of the stomach enter the abdominal cavity.This condition is fraught with death without urgent surgical treatment.
The causes of erosion, along with the effect of Helicobacter Pylori infection, are exposure to substances or excessively acidic gastric juice.Therefore, in erosive gastritis, proper nutrition is very important to slow down and reverse the ulcer formation process.
Here are the principles on which the diet should be based if the patient has erosive gastritis:
- The food taken should minimally irritate the stomach wall and prevent an increase in acidity;
- You should constantly eat liquid, warm, ground food.In addition, it is necessary to minimize the amount of fat and salt in the diet;
- giving up bad habits, spices, soda;
- Vegetables should be cooked with heat treatment;
- In food, the emphasis should be on soups and cereals.
Diet and menu if the patient has atrophic gastritis
Diagnosing the atrophic form is relatively difficult, since there are no symptoms in the early phase of the pathology.Among several signs of the disease can be noted the presence of burning after fried and fatty food, which has a very unpleasant smell.In addition, general weakness, brittle legs and hair and skin problems are inevitable companions of atrophic gastritis.
Atrophic gastritis imposes serious restrictions on the list of what is possible and what is not.In your diet you should avoid:
- Black bakery products, baked goods;
- smoked dishes;
- mushrooms in any form;
- peas, beans;
- canned food;
- unprocessed fruits and vegetables;
- soda, including mineral water;
- milk.
Like other gastritis diets, in the atrophic stage, cooking methods such as frying and smoking are completely prohibited.To make food ready to eat, you can boil, steam or bake it
During atrophic gastritis, it is important to eat:
- soups based on grated vegetables;
- various porridges on water;
- Boiled lean meat, very finely chopped;
- low-fat milk products;
- boiled egg;
- unleavened white bread, crackers;
- thermally processed fruits and vegetables;
- butter
- You can eat marmalade, jelly and mousse for dessert.